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1 Samuda, Joseph d'Aguilar
[br]b. 21 May 1813 London, Englandd. 27 April 1885 London, England[br]English shipbuilder and promoter of atmospheric traction for railways.[br]Joseph Samuda studied as a engineer under his elder brother Jacob and formed a partnership with him in 1832 as builders of marine steam engines. In 1838, with Samuel Clegg, they took out a patent for an atmospheric railway system. In this system a cast-iron tube, with a continuous sealed slot along the top, was laid between the rails; trains were attached to a piston within the tube by an arm, the slot being opened and resealed before and behind it. The tube ahead of the piston was exhausted by a stationary steam engine and the train propelled by atmospheric pressure. The system appeared to offer clean, fast travel and was taken up by noted contemporary railway engineers such as I.K. Brunel and C.B. Vignoles, but it eventually proved a failure as no satisfactory means of sealing the slot could at that time be found. It did, however, lead to experiments in the 1860s with underground, pneumatic-tube railways, in which the vehicle would be its own piston, and Samuda Bros, supplied cast-iron tubes for such a line. Meanwhile, Samuda Bros, had commenced building iron steamships in 1843, and although Jacob Samuda lost his life in 1844 as the result of an accident aboard one of the earliest built, the firm survived to become noted London builders of steamships of many types over the ensuing four decades. Joseph Samuda became a founder member of the Institution of Naval Architects in 1860, and was MP for Tavistock from 1865 to 1868 and for Tower Hamlets from 1868 to 1880.[br]Bibliography1838, jointly with Jacob Samuda and Samuel Clegg, British patent no. 7,920 (atmospheric traction).1861–2, "On the form and materials for iron plated ships", Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 21.Further ReadingObituary, Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 81:334 (provides good coverage of his career).C.Hadfield, 1967, Atmospheric Railways, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles (includes a discussion of his railway work).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Samuda, Joseph d'Aguilar
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2 Railways and locomotives
Biographical history of technology > Railways and locomotives
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3 Ports and shipping
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Armstrong, Sir William GeorgeEgerton, FrancisLi GaoPeter the GreatShen GuaStanhope, Charles -
4 Vignoles, Charles Blacker
[br]b. 31 May 1793 Woodbrook, Co. Wexford, Irelandd. 17 November 1875 Hythe, Hampshire, England[br]English surveyor and civil engineer, pioneer of railways.[br]Vignoles, who was of Huguenot descent, was orphaned in infancy and brought up in the family of his grandfather, Dr Charles Hutton FRS, Professor of Mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. After service in the Army he travelled to America, arriving in South Carolina in 1817. He was appointed Assistant to the state's Civil Engineer and surveyed much of South Carolina and subsequently Florida. After his return to England in 1823 he established himself as a civil engineer in London, and obtained work from the brothers George and John Rennie.In 1825 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) lost their application for an Act of Parliament, discharged their engineer George Stephenson and appointed the Rennie brothers in his place. They in turn employed Vignoles to resurvey the railway, taking a route that would minimize objections. With Vignoles's route, the company obtained its Act in 1826 and appointed Vignoles to supervise the start of construction. After Stephenson was reappointed Chief Engineer, however, he and Vignoles proved incompatible, with the result that Vignoles left the L \& MR early in 1827.Nevertheless, Vignoles did not sever all connection with the L \& MR. He supported John Braithwaite and John Ericsson in the construction of the locomotive Novelty and was present when it competed in the Rainhill Trials in 1829. He attended the opening of the L \& MR in 1830 and was appointed Engineer to two railways which connected with it, the St Helens \& Runcorn Gap and the Wigan Branch (later extended to Preston as the North Union); he supervised the construction of these.After the death of the Engineer to the Dublin \& Kingstown Railway, Vignoles supervised construction: the railway, the first in Ireland, was opened in 1834. He was subsequently employed in surveying and constructing many railways in the British Isles and on the European continent; these included the Eastern Counties, the Midland Counties, the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyme \& Manchester (which proved for him a financial disaster from which he took many years to recover), and the Waterford \& Limerick. He probably discussed rail of flat-bottom section with R.L. Stevens during the winter of 1830–1 and brought it into use in the UK for the first time in 1836 on the London \& Croydon Railway: subsequently rail of this section became known as "Vignoles rail". He considered that a broader gauge than 4 ft 8½ in. (1.44 m) was desirable for railways, although most of those he built were to this gauge so that they might connect with others. He supported the atmospheric system of propulsion during the 1840s and was instrumental in its early installation on the Dublin \& Kingstown Railway's Dalkey extension. Between 1847 and 1853 he designed and built the noted multi-span suspension bridge at Kiev, Russia, over the River Dnieper, which is more than half a mile (800 m) wide at that point.Between 1857 and 1863 he surveyed and then supervised the construction of the 155- mile (250 km) Tudela \& Bilbao Railway, which crosses the Cantabrian Pyrenees at an altitude of 2,163 ft (659 m) above sea level. Vignoles outlived his most famous contemporaries to become the grand old man of his profession.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFellow of the Royal Astronomical Society 1829. FRS 1855. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1869–70.Bibliography1830, jointly with John Ericsson, British patent no. 5,995 (a device to increase the capability of steam locomotives on grades, in which rollers gripped a third rail).1823, Observations upon the Floridas, New York: Bliss \& White.1870, Address on His Election as President of the Institution of Civil Engineers.Further ReadingK.H.Vignoles, 1982, Charles Blacker Vignoles: Romantic Engineer, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (good modern biography by his great-grandson).See also: Samuda, Joseph d'AguilarPJGRBiographical history of technology > Vignoles, Charles Blacker
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SAMUDA, JOSEPH D'AGUILAR — (1813–1885), British shipbuilder and railway pioneer. Born in London to Sephardi parents – his father was a broker and overseas merchant – Samuda became an engineer in partnership with his brother JACOB (1811–1844). From 1832 to 1848 Samuda… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Joseph d'Aguilar Samuda — (21 May 1813 ndash; 27 April 1885 was Jewish English civil engineer and politician. He was born in London the younger son of Abraham Samuda, and brother of Jacob Samuda. He started out in his father s counting house, but in 1832 he joined his… … Wikipedia
Samuda Brothers — was an engineering and ship building firm at Cubitt Town on the Isle of Dogs in London, founded by Jacob and Joseph d Aguilar Samuda. The site is now occupied by Samuda Estate.Samuda Brothers began work at Orchard Place, Blackwall in 1843, by the … Wikipedia
Samuda — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Jacqueline Samuda, kanadische Schauspielerin und Autorin Joseph d Aguilar Samuda (1813–1885), englischer Schiffbauer und Ingenieur Karl Samuda (* 1942), jamaikanischer Politiker (JLP) Siehe auch: Samuda… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Samuda Estate — The Samuda Estate is on the east side of Manchester Road, in Cubitt Town on the Isle of Dogs. With 505 dwellings it is home to about 1,500 people and covers convert|11.4|acre|km2|2|lk=on. Historical BackgroundThe estate is named for the… … Wikipedia
Jacob Samuda — (August 24, 1811 November 12, 1844 was a Jewish English civil engineer born in London. He is described as the first Jewish engineer on his tombstone, in the Sephardic cemetery, Mile End, London. He was the elder son of Abraham Samuda, an East and … Wikipedia
D'Aguilar — could refer to one of the following things: People Baron Diego Pereira D Aguilar, a Portuguese nobleman and Marrano. Ephraim Lópes Pereira d Aguilar, 2nd Baron d Aguilar George Charles D Aguilar, a British Army officer and governor of Hong Kong… … Wikipedia
Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee — The Right Honourable The Lord Ritchie of Dundee PC President of the Board of Trade … Wikipedia
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SHIPS AND SAILING — Biblical Period The first sailing vessel mentioned in the Bible is Noah s Ark (see ark of noah ). The Phoenicians first developed marine navigation for purposes of commerce and communication along the sheltered part of the east Mediterranean… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
List of Sephardic Jews — The following is a list of Sephardic Jews. See also List of Iberian Jews.A list of Jews of Sephardic ancestry:: This is an , which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. Revisions and additions are welcome. A * Abravanel … Wikipedia
